In the hardware world, a number can be represented only by ones and zeros. How do we represent fractional numbers if that’s the case? How do we represent negative numbers in Hardware? While designing hardware systems, engineers often overlook the range and end up losing some of the bits especially the most significant …

Sampling of an audio signal converts continuous time signal into a discrete time signal. Quantization converts continuous amplitude signal into a discrete amplitude signal. A discrete time and discrete amplitude signal is a digital signal. The present post describes the sampling of a video signal, different …

Visible spectrum is the portion of electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic spectrum in this range of radiation is called visible light. Colors containing only one wavelength are called as pure colors. Pure colors are red, green and blue. Colors such as yellow and magenta can be made …

“I need a sine generator for my module. How do I generate sine/cosine signals, when the module has to be implemented in hardware?”. The interesting question was asked by a student who was pursuing masters in VLSI design. She was trying to build a demodulator module for Binary Phase shift Keyed (BFSK) signals on the …