In the hardware world, a number can be represented only by ones and zeros. How do we represent fractional numbers if that’s the case? How do we represent negative numbers in Hardware? While designing hardware systems, engineers often overlook the range and end up losing some of the bits especially the most significant …

“I need a sine generator for my module. How do I generate sine/cosine signals, when the module has to be implemented in hardware?”. The interesting question was asked by a student who was pursuing masters in VLSI design. She was trying to build a demodulator module for Binary Phase shift Keyed (BFSK) signals on the …